Many individuals either lack or have decreased activity of an enzyme called lactase, which breaks down/metabolizes lactose for absorption in the small intestine. As a result the lactose continues whole to the large intestine, where bacteria is forced to ferment the lactose. This causes symptoms such as, bloating, abdominal cramping, and flatulence. Many individuals with Celiac’s disease become lactose intolerant. Once they stop consuming gluten, their symptoms usually subside.

Managing lactose intolerance can be as simple as eliminating dairy from your diet. You may need to experiment to find out how much lactose you can tolerate before symptoms occur, as this varies between individuals. Many dairy products on the market are now available in a lactose free variety. Be cautious with lactose in many foods as an additive, these products include ingredients such as whey, milk solids, and modified milk ingredients. A lactase enzyme supplement may also be an option for those who wish to consume dairy products from time to time and want to avoid the uncomfortable symptoms.

Individuals with lactose deficiency may need to be aware of possible calcium and potassium deficiency. Many milk products are also fortified with vitamins A and D. For lacto-vegetarians, milk products may also be the only source of B12. If these vitamins cannot be supplemented through food, a vitamin/mineral supplement may be required.