Used to Help Make CoA – Neuronal Signalling and Stress
Vitamin B5 is used in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is an active group that is extremely important for a wide variety of functions in the body. It is involved in energy metabolism in the cell and for the synthesis of fatty acids, and cholesterol. CoA is also used in the production of acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter), meaning that it is used in nerve signal transduction throughout the body. CoA is also involved in enzyme activation and deactivation, through which it controls the signalling and function of an even larger number of processes in the body. It is thought to help the body deal with stress by aiding the production of hormones that help the body respond to stress, and supporting the production of neurotransmitters in the brain that are depleted in stressful situations.

Wound Healing and Skin Conditions
Pantothenic acid has been shown to increase the rate of wound healing, particularly following surgery. It is involved in red blood cell formation, helping to prevent anemia. It also plays a role in the formation of antibodies, for proper functioning of the immune system. The topical application of panthenol has been examined for its ability to help reduce acne outbreaks. A chemical made from vitamin B5, called dexpanthenol, is often used topically for various skin conditions, such as: itching, mild eczema, insect stings, bites, poison ivy, diaper rash, and acne. It is also applied topically for preventing and treating skin reactions caused by radiation therapy.

Energy and Stress Adaptation
Because vitamin B5 aids in the processing of fats, carbohydrates, proteins, and other vitamins during digestion, it can directly increase the body's energy utilization.  In addition to this, its ability to regulate proper nerve cell signalling and stress response help to improve feelings of wellbeing and stress-adaptation. B5 is sometimes called the "anti-stress" vitamin.

Arthritis
There was some promising research performed in the 1980's on the improvement of the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using vitamin B5. This examination was performed because low serum vitamin B5 levels are associated with a higher risk of developing RA. Supplementation of calcium pantothenate (a B5 derivative), improves the symptoms of RA, particularly morning pain and stiffness.

Hair Care Controversy
Vitamin B5 has been added to a number of hair care products because preliminary trials in mice found benefit to hair growth. The same effect has not been seen in human trials so actual benefit is unlikely.

Pantethine
One form of B5, called pantethine, lowers LDL ("bad") cholesterol and triglycerides, while raising the levels of HDL ("good") cholesterol.  This effect is especially seen in individuals with diabetes. For more information on pantethine, please click here.

Co-Supplementation
All of the B vitamins work together and are best used by the body in a B complex, which is why most B complex supplements include a small dose of B5 in them.  B vitamins are water-soluble and any extra from large doses is easily flushed out of the body. Thus, it is best to take lower dosages of the B complex several times a day, rather than one large dose.  Spray or sublingual forms of B vitamins are easily absorbed, as are capsules. If your digestion is healthy, then the tablet form is usually suitable for most people. B5 is an important aid for the utilization of other vitamins, particularly B2 or riboflavin.

How can I get more B5?
If additional supplementation of pantothenic acid is needed it can be taken in addition to a B complex.  It can be supplemented safely between 10 and 100mg daily. Panthenol is a derivative of B5 that is often added to topical products, such as those for hair care.  Pantethine is the most stable and active form of B5 and is the only form of B5 known to regulate cholesterol.  Generally, vitamin B5 is supplemented using the calcium pantothenate form.

Important Information
B5 interacts with sulfa drugs, caffeine, sleeping pills, estrogen and alcohol.  It may also interact with drugs used to treat Alzheimer's disease. B5 is destroyed by heat, canning practices and other food processing techniques.