N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG or GlcNAC) is an extract of chitin, which is the molecule that forms the outer shells of crustaceans (shellfish). It is commonly used as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s and Colitis. For more information on IBD, please click here. NAG is also a basic component of hyaluronic acid, one of the major substances involved in the formation of connective tissue in the human body, and a molecule that helps to maintain the hydration in our tissues.

Reducing Inflammation
Research has shown that treating children suffering from severe IBD with NAG helped to reduce their symptoms, and in some cases induced remission. Interestingly, some recent research has examined NAG’s potential role in the immune system. The results are not yet clear, but NAG may potentially help to shift the immune response away from the type of immune response associated with IBD. This can divert the immune system back to its normal functions and help leave the intestinal tract much-needed time to heal.

Forms of NAG
It is important to note that NAG is not the same as other forms of glucosamine and may not have the same joint cartilage protecting function as glucosamine sulfate or glucosamine hydrochloride. Some supplements for arthritis may contain the NAG form of glucosamine, although further research is required to know its effects on arthritis. Another form of NAG is a molecule called chitosan, which is NAG bound to glucosamine. This has not been found to have the same effects as NAG alone, although it can act as a source of fibre that has been implicated in weight loss. For more information on chitosan, please click here.

New Research - DNA Regulation
Some research has revealed a biological form of NAG (O-linked) in the body that is used to control the regulation of certain genes. Dysregulation in this O-NAG (O-GlcNAC) enzyme cycle has been associated with diabetes, cancer, and the nerve cell death associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s. Further research is required to be sure of either of these potential actions.

What about shellfish allergies?
Although NAG is often extracted from shellfish, it has been shown to be safe for those with a seafood allergy. This safety profile is likely due to the fact that seafood allergies are triggered by the meat of the crustacean, while NAG is extracted from the shell alone.

How can I take NAG?
NAG can be found alone or in combination supplements for digestive health. In general, the research shows a dosage of 3-6g per day was successful in children for the treatment of IBD. A higher dosage may be required for adults with a larger body weight, but no such dose has yet been established in the research.