Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble B vitamin. Vitamin B12 is required in areas where there is high cell turnover, for example, the gastrointestinal tract, bone marrow and nervous system. Thus, this vitamin has been used for the treatment of neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis and depression.

Vitamin B12 Anemia

Anemia is a lack of the oxygen-carrying ability of red blood cells. B12 regulates blood cell production, along with folic acid. Lack of B12 leads to types of anemia where the red blood cells look too large, macrocytic, under the microscope. Supplementing sublingually with B12 reverses this type of anemia. 

Health Benefits of Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is required for:

  • Digestion - Helps maintain the integrity of the gastrointestinal lining and aids in the production of digestive enzymes. Its role in red blood cell formation ensures proper oxygen delivery to digestive tissues.
  • Fertility - Supports DNA synthesis and proper cell division, which is essential for egg and sperm quality. Adequate B-12 levels help regulate ovulation and reduce the risk of certain fertility challenges. 
  • Normal Growth and Development of all Cells - Supports DNA replication and cellular energy production. It works closely with folate to promote healthy tissue development, particularly in bone marrow and the intestinal tract.
  • Enhances Learning and Memory by maintaining healthy nerve cells and promoting the formation of myelin, the protective sheath around nerves.
  • Normalizes Sleep Patterns by helping regulate circadian rhythms by influencing melatonin production and nervous system function. Balanced B-12 levels can support healthy sleep-wake cycles and improve sleep quality without daytime grogginess. 

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms

Deficiencies of B12 may not be seen for several years because the body can store up to 5 years' worth of this vitamin. Some common signs of deficiency can include:

  • Fatigue, Weakness, and Low Energy
  • Pale or Yellow-Tinged Skin
  • Shortness of Breath or Dizziness
  • Macrocytic Anemia
  • Numbness/Tingling in Hands & Feet (Peripheral Neuropathy)
  • Balance Issues
  • Memory Loss, Brain Fog, or Confusion
  • Mood Changes/Irritability
  • Heart Palpitations
  • Sleep Disturbances

Vitamin B Supplements

All of the B vitamins work together and are best used by the body in a B complex, which is why many vitamin B complex supplements include a small dose of B12 in them. Most B vitamins are water-soluble, and any extra from large doses is flushed out of the body easily; therefore, it's best to take lower dosages of the B complex several times a day than one larger dose. Spray or sublingual forms of B vitamins are easily absorbed, as are capsules. If your digestion is healthy, then the tablet form is usually suitable for most people.

If additional supplementation of B12 is needed, it can be taken in addition to a B complex. Deficiency of intrinsic factor in the stomach results in the inability of the body to absorb B12. Sublingual formulas are available and are absorbed in the mouth, thereby eliminating the need for intrinsic factor. 

Methylcobalamin is a form of B12 that is available as a supplement and is easier for the body to use than cyanocobalamin.

Important Information

Vitamin B12 is depleted by sedatives, estrogen, oral contraceptives and alcohol. Anti-gout medication, anti-coagulants and potassium supplements block the absorption of B12. Vegetarians who do not consume eggs or dairy products require B12 supplementation. Diets high in protein require more B12 intake.