Zeaxanthin, also referred to as a xanthophyll, is an oxygenated form of carotenoid. Unlike alpha and beta-carotene, which are converted to retinol (vitamin A), zeaxanthin has no vitamin A activity.
What is Zeaxanthin?
Zeaxanthin is a special carotenoid in that it, along with lutein are the only carotenoids found in the retina and lens of the eye. These carotenoids function to absorb blue light, protecting the eye from light-induced oxidative damage. As such, these carotenoids have been studied extensively for their potential ability to slow the development of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts.
Health Benefits of Zeaxanthin
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in older populations. Studies have shown that individuals with higher intakes of food rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, at a minimum dosage of 6 mg/day, have a significantly decreased risk of age-related macular degeneration. They are also less likely to develop cataracts or require cataract extraction. As family history plays at least some role in the development of both these conditions, these carotenoids may help to prevent a problem before it even becomes one.
Foods rich in zeaxanthin have also been shown to significantly reduce cardiovascular disease. Although high in antioxidants, it is believed that it is not the antioxidant ability of these foods alone that accounts for its medicinal effects. Studies based on supplementation of beta-carotenes have not finding the same benefits. This is another indication that a healthy diet can often be just as effective, in some cases more effective, than supplementation alone.
How To Take Carotenoids
Carotenoids, like zeaxanthin, are best absorbed with a small amount of fat in meals. Preparing foods high in carotenoids, for example, chopping, pureeing or cooking with oil generally increases the bioavailability of the carotenoids they contain.
Zeaxanthin is rarely found alone in supplement form. It is normally combined with lutein in combinations geared toward eye health. It is not naturally found in the same concentrations as lutein; therefore, usually found in much smaller amounts than its fellow carotenoid when combined in capsule form. There have been no toxicity or safety issues reported with the use of zeaxanthin.
